Coding TricksOracle KFED and KFOD tool descriptions
Oracle ASM is a packaged disk management tool, so we need to have a good understanding of ASM, otherwise ASM problems can be very difficult, KFED and KFOD two commands can help us understand ASM.
I. KFED (Kernel Files Editor) instructions
KFED is a tool that COMESACLE 10gR2 comes with, but like the BBED command, it needs to be compiled before it can be used.
1.1 COMPILE KFED
[[email protected] lib]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib
[[email protected] lib]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib
[[email protected] lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk ikfed
Linking KFED utility (kfed)
rm -f/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed
gcc -o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/-L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/-L/usr/lib -lirc /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/s0main.o/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sskfeded.o/u01/app/oracle/ product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/skfedpt.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o -ldbtools10-lclntsh `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 - lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lmm -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` - lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10-ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10-lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lclient10 -lnnetd10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10-lnls10 -lxml10 - lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist`-Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib -lm `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist`-ldl -lm -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib
mv -f/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfedO
mv: cannot stat`/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed': No such file or directory
make: [ikfed] Error 1 (ignored)
mv /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/kfed/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed
chmod 751/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed
[[email protected] lib]$
--VIEW KFED LOCATION
[[email protected] lib]$ which kfed
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/kfed
1.2 KFED COMMAND USED
--CHECK OUT KFED HELP
[[email protected] lib]$ kfed -h
as/mlib ASM Library [asmlib='lib']
aun/um AU number to examine or update[AUNUM=number]
aus/z Allocation Unit size in bytes[AUSZ=number]
blkn/um Block number to examine or update[BLKNUM=number]
blks/z Metadata block size in bytes[BLKSZ=number]
ch/ksum Update checksum before each write[CHKSUM=YES/NO]
cn/t Count of AUs to process[CNT=number]
d/ev ASM device to examine or update[DEV=string]
o/p KFED operation type [OP=READ/WRITE/MERGE/NEW/FORM/FIND/STRUCT]
p/rovnm Name for provisioning purposes[PROVNM=string]
s/eek AU number to seek to [SEEK=number]
te/xt File name for translated block text[TEXT=string]
ty/pe ASM metadata block type number[TYPE=number]
--VIEW THE ASM DISK GROUP
[email protected](rac2)> select group_number,disk_number,mount_status,header_status,state,name,path fromv$asm_disk;
group_number disk_number mount_sheader_statu state name path
------------ ----------- ------------------- -------- ---------- --------------------
1 0OPENED UNKNOWN NORMAL DATA /dev/mapper/datap1
2 0OPENED UNKNOWN NORMAL FRA_0000 /dev/mapper/frap1
[email protected](rac2)> selectdg.group_number "g.no",dg.name,d.disk_number,d.mount_status,
2 d.header_status,dg.type,d.name,d.path from v$asm_disk d,v$asm_diskgroupdg
3 where dg.group_number=d.group_number;
g.no NAME DISK_NUMBER MOUNT_S HEADER_STATUTYPE NAME PATH
---------- --------------------- ------- ------------ ------ ---------- ---------------------------
1 DATA 0 OPENED UNKNOWN EXTERN DATA /dev/mapper/datap1
2 FRA 0 OPENED UNKNOWN EXTERN FRA_0000 /dev/mapper/frap1
--view at the system level
[[email protected] ~]$ /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
DATA
FRA
[[email protected] ~]$ ls -lrt /dev/oracleasm/disks/*
brw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 8, 49 Aug 7 07:32 /dev/oracleasm/disks/FRA
brw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 8, 65 Aug 7 07:32 /dev/oracleasm/disks/DATA
--USE KFED TO VIEW ASM DISK GROUPS
[[email protected] ~]$ kfed read /dev/mapper/datap1 text=datap1.txt
[[email protected] ~]$ ls
datap1.txt Desktop oradiag_oracle
[[email protected] ~]$ cat datap1.txt
...
the kfed command can be added or not, and if the text parameter is used, the content read by the kfed is saved to the document specified by text and entered directly into the screen if it is not used.
[[email protected] ~]$ kfed read /dev/mapper/datap1
kfbh.endian: 1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002:KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 1508168608 ; 0x00c:0x59e4d3a0
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr: ORCLDISKDATA ; 0x000: length=12
--> the name of the disk volume
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]: 1096040772 ; 0x008: 0x41544144
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat: 168820736 ; 0x020: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.dsknum: 0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp: 1 ; 0x026:KFDGTP_EXTERNAL
--> This indicatesRedundancy for Group.Check TYPE in query output.
kfdhdb.hdrsts: 3 ; 0x027:KFDHDR_MEMBER
--> This indicatesDisk Header status. Here it indicates it is member of Group.
kfdhdb.dskname: DATA ; 0x028: length=4
--> This indicatesDisk Name
kfdhdb.grpname: DATA ; 0x048: length=4
--> This indicates theGroup Name for the disk.
kfdhdb.fgname: DATA ; 0x068: length=4
--> This indicates theFailure Group Name.
kfdhdb.capname: ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi: 32952076 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xcDAYS=0x18 MNTH=0x3 YEAR=0x7db
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo: 3374491648 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0MSEC=0xaa SECS=0x12 MINS=0x32
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi: 32955120 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0x10DAYS=0x17 MNTH=0x6 YEAR=0x7db
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo: 3440417792 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0MSEC=0x27 SECS=0x11 MINS=0x33
kfdhdb.secsize: 512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize: 4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize: 1048576 ; 0x0bc: 0x00100000
kfdhdb.mfact: 113792 ; 0x0c0: 0x0001bc80
kfdhdb.dsksize: 11993 ; 0x0c4: 0x00002ed9
kfdhdb.pmcnt: 2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn: 1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn: 2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn: 2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]: 0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]: 0 ; 0x0da: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]: 0 ; 0x0dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]: 0 ; 0x0de: 0x0000
kfdhdb.dbcompat: 168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi: 32952076 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xcDAYS=0x18 MNTH=0x3 YEAR=0x7db
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo: 3374396416 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0MSEC=0x4d SECS=0x12 MINS=0x32
kfdhdb.ub4spare[0]: 0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[1]: 0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[2]: 0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[3]: 0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[4]: 0 ; 0x0fc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[5]: 0 ; 0x100: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[6]: 0 ; 0x104: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[7]: 0 ; 0x108: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[8]: 0 ; 0x10c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[9]: 0 ; 0x110: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[10]: 0 ; 0x114: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[11]: 0 ; 0x118: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[12]: 0 ; 0x11c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[13]: 0 ; 0x120: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[14]: 0 ; 0x124: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[15]: 0 ; 0x128: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[16]: 0 ; 0x12c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[17]: 0 ; 0x130: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[18]: 0 ; 0x134: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[19]: 0 ; 0x138: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[20]: 0 ; 0x13c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[21]: 0 ; 0x140: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[22]: 0 ; 0x144: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[23]: 0 ; 0x148: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[24]: 0 ; 0x14c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[25]: 0 ; 0x150: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[26]: 0 ; 0x154: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[27]: 0 ; 0x158: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[28]: 0 ; 0x15c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[29]: 0 ; 0x160: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[30]: 0 ; 0x164: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[31]: 0 ; 0x168: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[32]: 0 ; 0x16c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[33]: 0 ; 0x170: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[34]: 0 ; 0x174: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[35]: 0 ; 0x178: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[36]: 0 ; 0x17c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[37]: 0 ; 0x180: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[38]: 0 ; 0x184: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[39]: 0 ; 0x188: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[40]: 0 ; 0x18c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[41]: 0 ; 0x190: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[42]: 0 ; 0x194: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[43]: 0 ; 0x198: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[44]: 0 ; 0x19c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[45]: 0 ; 0x1a0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[46]: 0 ; 0x1a4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[47]: 0 ; 0x1a8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[48]: 0 ; 0x1ac: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[49]: 0 ; 0x1b0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[50]: 0 ; 0x1b4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[51]: 0 ; 0x1b8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[52]: 0 ; 0x1bc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[53]: 0 ; 0x1c0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[54]: 0 ; 0x1c4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[55]: 0 ; 0x1c8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[56]: 0 ; 0x1cc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[57]: 0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq: 0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk: 0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.ents: 0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare: 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000
1.3 SOME NOUNS IN THE ASM DISK ARE INTERPRETED
（1）kfbh.endian
kf3.h /*endianness of writer */
Littleendian = 1
Bigendian = 0
（2） kfbh.hard
kf3.h /*H.A.R.D. magic # and block size */
（3） kfbh.type
kf3.h /*metadata blocktype */
（4） kfbh.datfmt
kf3.h /*metadata block data format */
（5） kfbh.block
kf3.h /* blocklocation of thisblock */
blk -- Diskheader should have T=0 and NUMB=0x0
obj -- Diskheader should have TYPE=0x8 NUMB=<disknumber>
blk and obj values arederived from a series of macros in kf3.h. See
"KFBL Macros"in kf3.h for more information.
（6） kfbh.check
kf3.h /* checkvalue to verify consistency */
（7） kfbh.fcn
kf3.h /*change number of last change */-
（8） kfdhdb.driver
kf3.h /*OSMLIB driver reserved block */
If nodriver is defined "ORCLDISK" is used.
（9） kfdhdb.compat
kf3.h /*Comaptible software version */
example:0x0a100000
Youget:
a=101=1 so 10.1.0.0.0
（10） kfdhdb.dsknum
kf3.h /* OSMdisknumber *
This is thedisk number. The first disk being "0". There can be up to
ub2 disks ina diskgroup. This allows for 65336 disks 0 through 65335.
（11） kfdhdb.grptyp
kf3.h /* Diskgrouptype */
（12） kfdhdb.hdrsts
kf3.h /* Diskheaderstatus */
This is whatis used to determine if a disk is available or not to
thediskgroup. 0x03 is the correct value for a valid status.
（13）kfdhdb.dskname /*OSMdisk name */
（14）kfdhdb.grpname /*OSM disk group name */
（15）kfdhdb.fgname /*Failure group name */
（16）kfdhdb.capname /*Capacity grp, unused*/
（17）kfdhdb.crestmp /*Creationtimestamp */
（18）kfdhdb.mntstmp /*Mounttimestamp */
kf3.hTo derive the hi and low time`from an unformated dump use the
"KFTS Macros" inkf3.h.
（19） kfdhdb.secsize
kf3.h /* Disksector size (bytes) */
This is thephysical sector size of the disk in bytes. All I/O's to the
disk aredescribed in physical sectors. This must be a power of 2. An
ideal valuewould be 4096, but most disks are formatted with 512 byte
sectors. (from asmlib.h)
（20） kfdhdb.blksize
kf3.h /*Metadata block (bytes) */
（21） kfdhdb.ausize
kf3.h /*Allocation Unit (bytes) */
（22） kfdhdb.mfact
kf3.h /*Stride between phys addr AUs */
（23） kfdhdb.dsksize
kf3.h /* Disksize inAUs */
Mulitply byAUs to get actual size of disk when added.
（24） kfdhdb.pmcnt
kf3.h /*Permanent phys addressed AUs */
Number ofphysically addressed allocation units.
（25） kfdhdb.fstlocn
kf3.h /* FirstFreeSpace table blk num */
Used to findfreespace.
（26） kfdhdb.altlocn
kf3.h /* FirstAlocation table blk num */
Used to findalocated space.
（27） kfdhdb.f1b1locn
kf3.h /* FileDirectory blk 1 AU num */
Beginging forfile directory.
1.4 A damaged disk KFED result
kfbh.endian: 83 ; 0×000: 0×53
kfbh.hard: 0 ; 0×001: 0×00
kfbh.type: 0 ; 0×002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt: 0 ; 0×003: 0×00
kfbh.block.blk: 4294967293 ; 0×004: T=1 NUMB=0x7ffffffd
kfbh.block.obj: 65286 ; 0×008: TYPE=0×0 NUMB=0xff06
kfbh.check: 144 ; 0x00c: 0×00000090
kfbh.fcn.base: 136903976 ; 0×010: 0x0828fd28
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 4294953840 ; 0×014: 0xffffcb70
kfbh.spare1: 136905029 ; 0×018: 0×08290145
kfbh.spare2: 30000 ; 0x01c: 0×00007530
<>.KFOD (OSM Discovery utility) description
Here's OSM: Order and Service Management, where the KFOD command can find ASMs in system-level pairs. It can also be used to monitor ASM.
2.1 KFOD HELP
[[email protected] ~]$ kfod -h
_asm_a/llow_only_raw_disks KFOD allow only raw devices[_asm_allow_only_raw_disks=TRUE/(FALSE)]
_asm_l/ibraries ASMLibraries[_asm_libraries='lib1','lib2',...]
_asms/id ASM Instance[_asmsid=sid]
a/sm_diskstring ASM Diskstring[asm_diskstring='discoverystring', 'discoverystring' ...]
d/isks Disks to discover [disks=raw,asm,all]
g/roup Group discover [group=controlfile]
n/ohdr KFOD header suppression[nohdr=TRUE/(FALSE)]
o/p KFOD options type[OP=DISKS/GROUPS/ALL]
p/file ASM parameter file[pfile='parameterfile']
s/tatus Include disk header status[status=TRUE/(FALSE)]
v/erbose KFOD verbose errors[verbose=TRUE/(FALSE)]
2.2 KFOD EXAMPLE
[[email protected] ~]$ kfod
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME
================================================================================
+ASM2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
+ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[[email protected] ~]$ kfod disk=all
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disk Size Path
================================================================================
1: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw1
2: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw2
3: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw3
4: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw4
5: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw5
6: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw6
7: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw7
8: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME
================================================================================
+ASM2 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
+ASM1 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
[[email protected] ~]$ kfod op=disks
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disk Size Path
================================================================================
1: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw3
2: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw4
3: 101 Mb /dev/raw/raw8
This article briefly describes these two commands, and takes a detailed look at the use of these two commands in the next ASM disk header backup and recovery.
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DBA1 GROUP: 62697716 (FULL); DBA2 GROUP: 62697977 (FULL) DBA3 GROUP: 62697850 (FULL)
DBA SUPERGROUP: 63306533 (FULL); DBA4 GROUP: 83829929 (FULL) DBA5 GROUP: 142216823 (FULL)
DBA6 GROUP: 158654907 (FULL) CHAT GROUP: 40132017 (FULL) CHAT GROUP 2: 69087192 (FULL)
--Adding groups is required to explain the relationship between Oracle table space and data files in the notes, otherwise the request will be rejected